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A NOTE ON THE BLACK MADONNAS OF EUROPE By RUNOKO RASHIDI

"A man's mind is elevated to the status of the women with whom he associates."
--Alexander Dumas

For thousands of years the African woman has been worshipped and idolized by individuals, families and nations in Africa and around the world. Ancient records show her as queen, goddess and saint. The African woman has led mighty nations into battle, founded splendid royal dynasties, performed sacred miracles and given birth to messiahs. No other human of any racial or ethnic type has been or should be as broadly venerated as the African woman. This is as it should be. All praises due the African woman.

The Black Madonnas of Europe are perhaps the most venerated icons in European Christendom. According to L.W. Moss and S.C. Cappannari:

"All the Black Madonnas are powerful images; they are miracle workers. They are implored for intercession in the various problems of fertility. Pilgrimages covering hundreds of kilometers are made to these specific shrines. The degree of adorational fervor far exceeds that attached to other representations of the Virgin. For example, until the last decade, when the practice was explicitly forbidden by church authorities, pilgrims journeying to the shrine of Mount Vergine would climb the steps of the church on their knees, licking each step with their tongues. We are, thus equating the blackness of the images with their power. The attitude of the pilgrim approaches not reverence but worship (latrial)."

In Russia during the nineteenth century the Russian General Kutuzov had his army pray before the Black Madonna of Kazan before the historic victory at Borodina. The same Madonna is said to have inspired Rasputin and may now be in the United States. In reference to the Black Madonna of Montserrat, Spain, it said that "He is not well wed who has not taken his wife to Montserrat." Spain has more than fifty images of the Black Madonna. Nineteen have been documented in Germany. Italy has more than thirty Black Madonnas. France has more than three-hundred.
SOURCES:
The Cult of the Black Virgin, by Ian Begg
Black Women in Antiquity, edited by Ivan Van Sertima

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Êåì æå áûëà ×åðíàÿ Ìàäîííà?  Åâðîïå äî ñèõ ïîð ìîæíî âñòðåòèòü ñîòíè ïîäîáíûõ ñòàòóé, ìíîãèì èç êîòîðûõ ïðèïèñûâàþòñÿ ÷óäîäåéñòâåííûå öåëèòåëüíûå ñèëû. Ìåæäó òåì, îòöû öåðêâè òðàäèöèîííî îáõîäÿò ìîë÷àíèåì ïðîèñõîæäåíèå ýòèõ ñòàòóé, à ó÷åíûå ìóæè âñåãî ëèøü íåâíÿòíî ïîãîâàðèâàþò î Èçèäå ñ âå÷íûì ìëàäåíöåì Ãîðîì íà ðóêàõ.
×åðíîëèêàÿ äåâà âñòðå÷àåòñÿ â ïàòðèàðõàëüíîì Âåòõîì Çàâåòå («Äùåðè Èåðóñàëèìñêèå! ÷åðíà ÿ, íî êðàñèâà»). Îíà Ñóëàìèôü, íåâåñòà Ñîëîìîíà, îíà æå -- Õðèñòîâà íåâåñòà.  âåëèêîëåïíûõ êîììåíòàðèÿõ ê «Ïåñíè Ïåñíåé» Câ. Áåðíàð âïîñëåäñòâèè íàïèøåò: «Íåáåñà íàïîëíÿþòñÿ äëÿ òåáÿ, îïóñòîøàþòñÿ äëÿ òåáÿ, Íåáåñíûé Èåðóñàëèì ïîäíèìàåòñÿ èç ðóèí äëÿ òåáÿ».


×åðíàÿ Ìàäîííà èç ìîíàñòûðÿ
Àéíçèäåëüí (Einsiedeln), Øâåéöàðèÿ

Ñòðàííûì îáðàçîì â ìåñòàõ, ãäå åñòü ×åðíûå Ìàäîííû, øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåí êóëüò Ìàðèè Ìàãäàëèíû. Ñâ. Ìàðèÿ Åãèïåòñêàÿ, Ìàðèÿ Ìàãäàëèíà è Äåâà Ìàðèÿ ñóòü âîïëîùåíèå áîæåñòâåííîé æåíñêîé òðèàäû, íåîôèöèàëüíûé êóëüò êîòîðîé áûë ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî ðàñïðîñòðàíåí â ñðåäíèå âåêà.  àïîêðèôè÷åñêîì Åâàíãåëèè îò Ôèëèïïà ÷èòàåì, ÷òî Ìàðèÿ Ìàãäàëèíà áûëà ïîñòîÿííîé ñïóòíèöåé Èèñóñà, êîòîðûé ëþáèë åå áîëüøå, ÷åì âñåõ äðóãèõ ó÷åíèêîâ. «Ïî÷åìó òû ëþáèøü åå áîëüøå, ÷åì íàñ?» -- ðåâíèâî ñïðàøèâàëè îíè.
Ïîëÿðèçàöèÿ öåðêâè ìåæäó Ìàðèåé Ìàãäàëèíîé è Ïåòðîì íàìå÷àåòñÿ óæå âî âòîðîì âåêå õðèñòèàíñòâà.  «Pistis Sophia» (2) Ìàðèÿ Ìàãäàëèíà æàëóåòñÿ Èèñóñó: «ß áîþñü Ïåòðà, èáî îí íåíàâèäèò æåíñêèé ïîë». Çäåñü ñòàëêèâàþòñÿ äâå ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûå òðàäèöèè õðèñòèàíñòâà. Õðèñòèàíñêàÿ öåðêîâü åñòü íå òîëüêî öåðêîâü Ïåòðà-êàìíÿ, íî è öåðêîâü Ìàðèè-ëþáâè.


«Òðè Ìàðèè» Ìèõàýëÿ Âîëüãåìóòà (1499), ó÷èòåëÿ À. Äþðåðà.

Ýëèíà Âîéöåõîâñêàÿ. Ãåññå è Ìàóëüáðîíí

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Âîò áîëåå ïîëíûé ñïèñîê è ïî âñåì ñòðàíàì.
Ïðèâîæó ññûëêó íà ôðàíöèþ. Äðóãèå ñòðàíû ïî óêàçàòåëþ âíèçó
http://www.udayton.edu/mary/resources/blackm/blackm02.html#fra

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The "other" Dark Madonna of Le Puy
Êðóïíåå


The Dark Madonna of the Cathedral de Notre-Dame Êðóïíåå


Notre Dame Sous Terre (Our Lady Underground) in the crypt of Notre Dame de Chartres Êðóïíåå


The Dark Madonna of Rocamadour, a gilded wooden statue from the 12th century or earlier. She reigns in the chapel of St. Saviour's Church, at the top of a 222-step staircase, in a place where druids once worshipped. Êðóïíåå


Image of Egyptian Isis and Horus, one of the earliest Dark Madonnas in the Throne of Wisdom posture, Louvre Museum, Paris

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Madonna and Child, 1443-53, Il Santo, Padua

Òàì åùå Ìàðèÿ Ìàãäàëèíà â îáëèêå Ìàðèè Åãèïåòñêîé.