Ôîðóìû ó Ëèðèêà

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Ïðîäîëæàåì çíàêîìèòüñÿ ñ ðàáîòàìè XVIII âåêà.

Äæàêîìî Êàíòåëëè äà Âèíüîëà - êàðòîãðàô, ñîçäàòåëü ãëîáóñîâ, ãåîãðàô è áèáëèîòåêàðü Ôðàí÷åñêî II, ãåðöîãà Ìîäåíû.
Ôðàãìåíò "Íîâîé ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîé êàðòû Íàòîëèè è Ìàëîé Àçèè" 1708 ãîäà:




(ñðàâíèòå ñ óæå ïðèâîäèâøåéñÿ êàðòîé Êàðåëà Àëëàðäà 1697 ãîäà).



Ãåðìàí Ìîëë - ãðàâåð è êàðòîãðàô, îòêðûâøèé â Ëîíäîíå ôèðìó ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâó êàðò è àòëàñîâ. Ñðåäè åãî äðóçåé áûëè Äàíèýëü Äåôî è Äæîíàòàí Ñâèôò - Ìîëë ïðÿìî óïîìÿíóò â "Ïóòåøåñòâèÿõ Ãóëëèâåðà" (â "Ïóòåøåñòâèè â ñòðàíó ãóèãíãíìîâ": "Íî÷ü ÿ ïðîâåë â ïèðîãå, à ðàíî ïîóòðó ñíîâà îòïðàâèëñÿ â ïóòü è â ñåìü ÷àñîâ äîñòèã þãî-âîñòî÷íîãî áåðåãà Íîâîé Ãîëëàíäèè. Ýòî óòâåðäèëî ìåíÿ â äàâíèøíåì ìîåì ìíåíèè, ÷òî êàðòû ïîìåùàþò ýòó ñòðàíó, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå, ãðàäóñà íà òðè âîñòî÷íîå, ÷åì îíà ëåæèò â äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè; ìíîãî ëåò òîìó íàçàä ÿ âûñêàçàë ýòî ïðåäïîëîæåíèå ìîåìó óâàæàåìîìó äðóãó ìèñòåðó Ãåðìàíó Ìîëëþ, ïîäêðåïèâ åãî ðÿäîì äîâîäîâ, íî îí ïðåäïî÷åë ñëåäîâàòü ìíåíèþ äðóãèõ àâòîðèòåòîâ.")
Ôðàãìåíò êàðòû èç ñáîðíèêà íîâûõ êàðò Àçèè, Àôðèêè è Àìåðèêè 1716 ãîäà:

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À âîò òî, ×ÅÌ ÂѨ ÇÀÊÎÍ×ÈËÎÑÜ:

Ëåéäåíñêèé èçäàòåëü Ïèòåð âàí äåð Àà. Êàðòà 1729 ãîäà (ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî) èç "Çàíèìàòåëüíîé ãàëåðåè ìèðà":

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 çàêëþ÷åíèå, ÷òîáû "ïðîôåññèîíàëû ñ äèïëîìàìè" (è, äîáàâëþ, ïîãðàíè÷íûì ñîçíàíèåì) íå îáâèíèëè íàñ â "âûáîðî÷íîì öèòèðîâàíèè" (ïðè òîì, ÷òî íàìè ïðèâåäåíà òîëüêî ÷àñòü êàðò, ãäå èçîáðàæåíà Òðîÿ), îòìåòèì, ÷òî ñóùåñòâóþò êàðòû:

à) äàòèðóåìûå ðàíåå XVIII âåêà, íà êîòîðûõ åñòü "Òðîÿíñêèå ðóèíû". Íàïðèìåð, âîò ôðàãìåíò êàðòû Íàòîëèè Ìàòòèàñà Êâàäà (êàðòîãðàô è ãðàâåð èç ʸëüíà) èç åãî "Geographisch Handtbuch" 1600 ãîäà:





á) íà êîòîðûõ Òðîÿ íå îáîçíà÷åíà âîîáùå èëè ãäå ñëîâî "Òðîÿ" ãîðäî ðååò íàä ïóñòûíåé, êàê âîò íà ýòîì ôðàãìåíòå êàðòû Äæîíà Îãèëáè 1673 ãîäà:



Îäíàêî òî, ÷òî ñëîâî "Òðîÿ" îòñóòñòâóåò íà êàðòå, âîâñå íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñâèäåòåëüñòâîì òîãî, ÷òî â ìîìåíò èçäàíèÿ êàðòû ãîðîä Òðîÿ íå ñóùåñòâîâàë - Âàøåìó âíèìàíèþ óæå áûëà ïðåäñòàâëåíà êàðòà Àíäðåà Áüÿíêî XV âåêà, íà êîòîðîé îòñóòñòâóþò Ðèì è Êîíñòàíòèíîïîëü. Àíàëèç ñèòóàöèè äîëæåí ïðîèçâîäèòüñÿ íà îñíîâàíèè êàê ìîæíî áîëåå ïîëíîé ñîâîêóïíîñòè èìåþùèõñÿ èñòî÷íèêîâ.

À èñòî÷íèêè ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î òîì, ÷òî âèäíåéøèå óìû, ãåîãðàôû è êàðòîãðàôû XVI-XVII è äàæå íà÷àëà XVIII âåêà ñ÷èòàëè Òðîþ ñóùåñòâóþùèì ãîðîäîì (òàê êàê íè÷òî íà èõ êàðòàõ íå ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò îá èíîì) è ïîìåùàëè å¸ íà ñâîè ðàáîòû (äîáàâëþ, ÷òî äëÿ ÂÑÅÕ êàðò óêàçàíà "îôèöèàëüíàÿ äàòèðîâêà". Êîãäà è êåì îíè áûëè ñîçäàíû íà ñàìîì äåëå - îòäåëüíûé ñëîæíûé âîïðîñ). Áîëåå òîãî, íà îäíîé êàðòå îäíîâðåìåííî ìîãóò áûòü óêàçàíû Òðîÿ, Èëèîí è Àëåêñàíäðèéñêàÿ Òðîÿ.

Íà ýòîì ìû çàêàí÷èâàåì íàø îáçîð, ïðåäñòàâèâ íàïîñëåäîê åù¸ íåñêîëüêî ôðàãìåíòîâ êàðò êîíöà XVII âåêà.

Ðîáåðò Ìîðäåí, 1688 ãîä:




Âèí÷åíöî Êîðîíåëëè, 1691 ãîä:




Íèêîëà Ñàíñîí, 1700 ãîä èçäàíèÿ:




[Èçîáðàæåíèÿ, ïðåäñòàâëåííûå â äàííîé òåìå, âçÿòû èç ìîåé ëè÷íîé êîëëåêöèè è èç êîëëåêöèè Ìåëüáóðíñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, çà ÷òî âûðàæàþ åìó ñâîþ áëàãîäàðíîñòü. Êîïèëåôò íà êîìïèëÿöèþ - ìîé. ]

Ñïàñèáî çà âíèìàíèå.

[Ñåâåð]

íå âûíåñëà äóøà


ñîâðåìåííàÿ êàðòà...
çà êà÷åñòâî, ïàðäîí, áîðîòüñÿ íåêîãäà - Àëåêñàíäðèþ-Òðîþ âðîäå âèäíî, à ïðÿìî íà âåðõó òàì åù¸ è ÒRUVA

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À Âû ïîñìîòðèòå â ëåãåíäå êàðòû, ÷òî çíà÷èò âîò ýòîò çíàê:




Íà ñîâðåìåííûõ êàðòàõ òàê îáîçíà÷àþòñÿ "Ðàçâàëèíû äðåâíèõ ãîðîäîâ".

À ñàìè ýòè "äðåâíèå ðàçâàëåííûå ãîðîäà" íà ýòîì ôðàãìåíòå ïîäïèñàíû êðàñíûì.

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[andY]

Òóò âèäåë îäíó êàðòó... Êàþñü, àâòîðà çàáûë çàïèñàòü. Êàðòà 1636 ãîäà - êàðòà ïëàâàíèÿ òðîÿíöà Ýíåÿ - ëåãåíäàðíîãî ðîäîíà÷àëüíèêà ðèìëÿí. Êàðòà ìåëêàÿ, íî ÿ ðàññìîòðåë 4 Òðîè (ìîæåò èõ è áîëüøå) - "îáû÷íàÿ", íà çàïàäå Ãðåöèè, =Âåíåöèÿ(!) è ðÿäîì ñ Ðèìîì (íà äðóãîì áåðåãó Òèáðà).

[Ñåâåð]

Troyes is considered as the capital of the Champagne Region. The arms thus show the bend of the Champagne, with a chief of France. The chief was added when the County of the Champagne became a possession of the French Kings. But when the chief actually was granted is not clear, most likely in the 15th or late 14th century.
During the Napoleonic era the city used a chief with three bees instead of the three fleur-de-lis. In 1825 the old arms were restored.
The crown and the mural crown and the branches (olive and oak) were added during the reign of Napoleon, as was common practice for First Rank cities. In 1825 the crown remained, but the branches were replaced by laurel and palm branches. These are still used.

[andY]

"Ïðÿìî ïðîòèâ [ïðîëèâà] íàõîäèëñÿ çíàìåíèòûé ãîðîä Òðîÿ 110, îò êîòîðîãî îñòàëèñü ðàçðóøåííûå çäàíèÿ è îñòàòêè îáâàëèâøèõñÿ ñòåí, ïîêàçûâàþùèå èõ íàïðàâëåíèå, è îáëîìêè êðåïîñòíûõ áàøåí. Âñå ýòè ðàçâàëèíû çàìêîâ, ñòåí è çäàíèé óêàçûâàëè íà ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèå ãîðîäà. Ãîðîä íà÷èíàëñÿ íà ðàâíèíå, íåñêîëüêî óäàëåííîé îò ìîðÿ, è äîõîäèë âãëóáü äî âûñîêèõ ãîð, êàê êàçàëîñü ïî òîìó ìåñòó, ãäå ïðîõîäèë çàùèòíûé âàë, îõâàòûâàÿ ìíîãî ìèëü. Çà ãîðîäîì âèäíåëàñü áîëüøàÿ ãîðíàÿ öåïü, âûñîêàÿ è îñòðàÿ, òàì, ãîâîðÿò, áûë çàìîê ïîä íàçâàíèåì Åëèîí (Èëèîí). "


Ýòî èç äåíåâíèêà Êëàâèõî "Ïóòåøåñòâèå êî äâîðó Òèìóðà". Êîòîðûé áûë îïóáëèêîâàí, ïî÷åìó-òî, ÷åðåç 180 ëåò - â 1582 ãîäó.

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[Ñåâåð]

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àãà, åù¸ îäíà òàêàÿ êàðòà...
à âåðõíÿÿ Òðîÿ-Òðóâà çäåñü íàçâàíà Íîòð Äàì ä'Àçèÿ

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Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary:

Troas - a city on the coast of Mysia, in the north-west of Asia Minor, named after ancient Troy, which was at some little distance from it (about 4 miles) to the north. Here Paul, on his second missionary journey, saw the vision of a "man of Macedonia," who appeared to him, saying, "Come over, and help us" (Acts 16:8-11). He visited this place also on other occasions, and on one of these visits he left his cloak and some books there (2 Cor. 2:12; 2 Tim. 4:13). The ruins of Troas extend over many miles, the site being now mostly covered with a forest of oak trees. The modern name of the ruins is Eski Stamboul i.e., Old Constantinople.


Smith's Bible Dictionary

TROAS - the city from which St. Paul first sailed, in consequence of a divine intimation, to carry the gospel from Asia to Europe. (Acts 16:8,11) It is mentioned on other occasions. (Acts 20:5,6; 2 Corinthians 2:12,13; 2 Timothy 4:13) Its full name was Alexandria Troas (Liv. xxxv. 42), and sometimes it was called simply Alexandria sometimes simply Troas. It was first built by Antigonus under the name of Antigonea Troas, and peopled with the inhabitants of some neighboring cities. Afterward it was embellished by Lysimachus, and named Alexandria Troas. Its situation was on the coast of Mysia, opposite the southeast extremity of the island of Tenedos. Under the Romans it was one of the most important towns of the province of Asia. In the time of St. Paul it was a colonia with the Jus Italicum . The modern name is Eski-Stamboul , with considerable ruins. We can still trace the harbor in a basin about 400 feet long and 200 broad.


Alexandria Troas (ñ ôîòîãðàôèÿìè)

Alexandria Troas was an Aegean seaport located in northwestern Turkey. It is situated 31.2 mi. [50 km.] northwest of Assos — via the ancient road system. It is 15.5 mi. [25 km.] south of Troy.

In the New Testament it is mentioned five times as Troas. The term "Troas" was added to "Alexandria" in order to distinguish it from other cities named "Alexandria." It was here, on Paul's second missionary journey, that in a vision he received a call to proceed to Europe (Acts 16:8–11). Because of the use of "us" it seems that Luke joined Paul and Silas on this portion of the journey.

As Paul was traveling from Corinth to Jerusalem at the end of his third journey he stopped in Troas for seven days (Acts 20:6–12). Acts records that during Paul's teaching, in an upper room on the third floor of a building, that Eutychus ("Good Luck") fell to his death - but was revived by Paul! From Troas Paul walked (31.2 mi. [50 km.]) to Assos where he met up with his traveling companions who had traveled by ship.

Later, when Paul was in prison in Rome, he requested Timothy to bring the cloak, books, and parchments which he had left with Carpus in Troas — among the last recorded requests of Paul (2 Timothy 4:13).

Alexandria Troas is huge — about 1,000(!) acres [405 ha.] in size. It is largely unexcavated [!!!] although in recent years some work has begun at the site; and more is planned for the near future.

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íó âîò ñòàðàÿ ñòîëèöà. Äàæå ñòàðûé Êîíñòàíòèíîïîëü.
Êàê ìèíèìóì ñ 18 âåêà èçâåñòåí.
Ðóèíû ïðîñòèðàþòñÿ íà "ìíîãî ìèëü".
Ïî êàðòå ïëÿøåò ñ ñåâåðà íàþã ïî äóáîâûì ëåñàì...